tamhonkhoe.comEvidence
This page collects every sourced claim on tamhonkhoe.com in two tables: one for science, one for scripture. The two kinds of source are kept apart because they answer different questions.
Labels used on the site:
- [Verified]: based on a source we have opened and read, named alongside.
- [Inference]: drawn from a source, but the source does not say it directly.
- [Expert judgement]: the author's own assessment, without a dedicated study. Claims without a reliable enough source are marked "needs verification" in drafts and do not appear on this page.
Table 1. What science finds
| Claim | Label | Source | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Review of 47 randomised trials, 3,515 people: mindfulness meditation programmes (usually several weeks long) reduce anxiety, depression and pain by small to moderate amounts; strength of evidence "moderate" | [Verified] | Goyal et al. 2014, JAMA Internal Medicine, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018 | Convergence 0 – Week 1, Convergence 1 – Week 11 |
| Same review: no evidence that meditation is better than other active treatments such as medication, exercise or behavioural therapies | [Verified] | Goyal et al. 2014 | Convergence 0 – Week 1 |
| Mindfulness research has problems of definition, method and interpretation; possible adverse effects are not monitored enough | [Verified] | Van Dam et al. 2018, Perspectives on Psychological Science 13(1), doi:10.1177/1745691617709589 | Convergence 0 – Week 1 |
| Meta-analysis of gratitude exercises: compared with another activity, a small increase in well-being; compared with other positive psychology exercises, almost no difference | [Verified] | Davis et al. 2016, Journal of Counseling Psychology 63(1), doi:10.1037/cou0000107 | Convergence 0 – Week 2 |
| 27 studies, 3,675 people: gratitude exercises reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by a small amount (g = −0.29 post-test; −0.23 follow-up); smaller against active control groups | [Verified] | Cregg & Cheavens 2021, Journal of Happiness Studies 22(1), doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00236-6 | Convergence 0 – Week 2 |
| 64 randomised trials of gratitude exercises: most at high risk of bias; certainty of evidence low or very low | [Verified] | Diniz et al. 2023, Einstein (São Paulo) 21, doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2023RW0371 | Convergence 0 – Week 2 |
| 27 experiments, 4,045 people: doing kind acts for others raised the well-being of the person doing them by a small-to-moderate amount (δ = 0.28); average statistical power about 0.42 | [Verified] | Curry et al. 2018, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 76, article page | Convergence 0 – Week 3, Convergence 1 – Week 12 |
| 33 studies of self-control training: a small effect (g = 0.30), about 0.13–0.24 after correcting for publication bias | [Verified] | Friese et al. 2017, Perspectives on Psychological Science 12(6), doi:10.1177/1745691617697076 | Convergence 0 – Week 4 |
| 86 publications, 38,124 workers: people who detach from work when off duty report less exhaustion and better sleep. This is a correlation | [Verified] | Wendsche & Lohmann-Haislah 2017, Frontiers in Psychology 7, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02072 | Convergence 0 – Week 5 |
| 5 cohort studies: volunteers had a lower risk of death (RR = 0.78; 0.66–0.90). This is a correlation; randomised trials have not shown clear benefit | [Verified] | Jenkinson et al. 2013, BMC Public Health 13:773, article page | Convergence 0 – Week 6 |
| 21 trials of loving-kindness and compassion meditation among employees: less burnout (g = 0.40) and stress (g = 0.54), more self-compassion (g = 0.65); results vary by job and practice | [Verified] | Wang et al. 2024, Stress and Health 40(1), doi:10.1002/smi.3273 | Convergence 1 – Week 7 |
| 83 studies: about 8% of meditators had an adverse experience (about 4% in experimental studies), most often anxiety or depression; can occur in people with no previous mental health problems | [Verified] | Farias et al. 2020, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 142(5), doi:10.1111/acps.13225 | Convergence 1 – Week 7, Convergence 1 – Week 11 |
| 54 reports (2,323 people): professionally led forgiveness programmes increased forgiveness compared with no treatment (Δ = 0.56; 0.43–0.68) and with other treatments (Δ = 0.45); reduced depression and anxiety compared with no treatment | [Verified] | Wade et al. 2014, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 82(1), doi:10.1037/a0035268 | Convergence 1 – Week 8 |
| 65 studies: humility goes with slightly better mental health (correlations about 0.06–0.20). This is a correlation | [Verified] | Lee et al. 2025, The Counseling Psychologist 53(6), doi:10.1177/00110000251352566 | Convergence 1 – Week 9 |
| Review of 20 meta-analyses: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) works for anxiety, depression, chronic pain and substance use; about as well as CBT | [Verified] | Gloster et al. 2020, Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 18, doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.009 | Convergence 1 – Week 10 |
| 39 randomised trials, 1,821 people: ACT did better than control conditions (g = 0.57); no clear difference from CBT | [Verified] | A-Tjak et al. 2015, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 84(1), doi:10.1159/000365764 | Convergence 1 – Week 10 |
| 23 randomised trials: religious/spiritual interventions reduced anxiety; weaker results for depression; programmes varied, limited quality | [Verified] | Gonçalves et al. 2015, Psychological Medicine 45(14), doi:10.1017/S0033291715001166 | Convergence 1 – Week 11 |
| A survey, a follow-up and a randomised experiment: spending money on others went with (and in the experiment raised) happiness; the survey part is a correlation | [Verified] | Dunn, Aknin & Norton 2008, Science 319(5870), doi:10.1126/science.1150952 | Convergence 1 – Week 12 |
Studies used in the curriculum outline (not yet used in any lesson) are listed under Courses – Studies used in this outline.
Table 2. Scripture passages checked against the original
| Passage | Tradition | Version used | Licence | Vietnamese page | English page | Checked verbatim | Meaning reviewed by | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MN 10, section A (Body), [1] (mindfulness of breathing) | Buddhism | Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Access to Insight | CC BY-NC | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 1 |
| Psalm 46:10 | Christianity | World English Bible, eBible.org | Public domain | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 1 |
| Epictetus, chapter "How we should struggle against appearances" | Stoicism | George Long, Project Gutenberg #10661 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 1 |
| AN 2.119 (two people hard to find) | Buddhism | Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Access to Insight | CC BY-NC | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 2 |
| Pirkei Avot, chapter IV, 1 (Ben Zoma) | Judaism | Joseph I. Gorfinkle, Project Gutenberg #8547 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 2 |
| Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Book I, sections 1–3 | Stoicism | George Long, Project Gutenberg #15877 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 2 |
| Matthew 7:12 | Christianity | World English Bible, eBible.org; Vietnamese page: Vietnamese Bible 1923/1925 | Public domain | Verbatim (one spelling corrected) | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 3 |
| Talmud, Shabbat 31a (Hillel and the gentile) | Judaism | Steinsaltz, Sefaria | CC BY-NC | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 3 |
| Nawawi 40, hadith 13 | Islam | sunnah.com | In copyright | Summary and link only | Quotation under 15 words | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 3 |
| Tao Te Ching, chapter 33 | Taoism | James Legge, Project Gutenberg #216 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 4 |
| Bukhari 6464 | Islam | sunnah.com | In copyright | Summary and link only | Quotation under 15 words | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 4 |
| Seneca, Letter 1 (extract) | Stoicism | Richard M. Gummere, Wikisource | Public domain | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 4 |
| Exodus 20:8–10 | Judaism | JPS 1917, Sefaria | Public domain | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 5 |
| Mark 6:31 | Christianity | World English Bible, eBible.org; Vietnamese page: Vietnamese Bible 1923/1925 | Public domain | Verbatim | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 5 |
| Tao Te Ching, chapter 15, paragraph 3 | Taoism | James Legge, Project Gutenberg #216 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 5 |
| Bhagavad Gita 3:19 | Non-dual | Edwin Arnold, Project Gutenberg #2388 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 6 |
| Qur'an 76:8–9 | Islam | Pickthall, Project Gutenberg #16955; Vietnamese page: Hasan Abdulkarim, QuranEnc | Public domain in the USA (Pickthall); no modification (QuranEnc) | Verbatim | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 6 |
| Marcus Aurelius, Meditations V.6 (opening) | Stoicism | George Long, Project Gutenberg #15877 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 0 – Week 6 |
| Snp 1.8 (Mettā Sutta), lines 3.3–8.4 | Buddhism | Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral | CC0 | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 7 |
| Tao Te Ching, chapter 67, paragraphs 2–4 | Taoism | James Legge, Project Gutenberg #216 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 7 |
| Bhagavad Gita 12:13–14 | Non-dual | Edwin Arnold, Project Gutenberg #2388 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 7 |
| Dhp 5 | Buddhism | Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral | CC0 | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 8 |
| Matthew 18:21–22 | Christianity | Vietnamese Bible 1923/1925, eBible.org; English: World English Bible | Public domain | Verbatim | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 8 |
| Qur'an 24:22 | Islam | Vietnamese: Hasan Abdulkarim, QuranEnc; English: Pickthall, Project Gutenberg #16955 | May not be modified (QuranEnc); public domain in the USA (Pickthall) | Verbatim | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 8 |
| Tao Te Ching, chapter 8, paragraphs 1 and 3 | Taoism | James Legge, Project Gutenberg #216 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 9 |
| Bhagavad Gita 2:47–48 | Non-dual | Edwin Arnold, Project Gutenberg #2388 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 9 |
| The Imitation of Christ, Book I, chapter 2, paragraph 4 | Christianity | William Benham, Project Gutenberg #1653 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 9 |
| Encheiridion, chapter I, first paragraph | Stoicism | George Long, Project Gutenberg #10661 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 10 |
| Dhp 277 | Buddhism | Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral | CC0 | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 10 |
| Qur'an 2:286 | Islam | Vietnamese: Hasan Abdulkarim, QuranEnc; English: Pickthall, Project Gutenberg #16955 | May not be modified (QuranEnc); public domain in the USA (Pickthall) | Verbatim | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 10 |
| Brother Lawrence, end of the conversations | Christianity | Project Gutenberg #13871 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 11 |
| 1 Kings 19:11–12 | Judaism | JPS 1917, Sefaria | Public domain | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 11 |
| Katha Upanishad, Part Sixth, verses X–XI | Non-dual | Swami Paramananda, Project Gutenberg #3283 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 11 |
| Dhp 223–224 | Buddhism | Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral | CC0 | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 12 |
| Qur'an 2:261 | Islam | Vietnamese: Hasan Abdulkarim, QuranEnc; English: Pickthall, Project Gutenberg #16955 | May not be modified (QuranEnc); public domain in the USA (Pickthall) | Verbatim | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 12 |
| Pirkei Avot, chapter V, sections 13 and 16 (Gorfinkle; often numbered 5:10 and 5:13) | Judaism | Joseph I. Gorfinkle, Project Gutenberg #8547 | Public domain in the USA | Own translation | Verbatim | 4 Nov 2026 | Not yet | Convergence 1 – Week 12 |
Peter opened, read and recorded the licence of each source; the full list is on Sources and licences. The Licence column states what the original page publishes; "public domain in the USA" is how Project Gutenberg puts it.